Environment Data

Natural Studies For Undergraduate Courses subhamsahu CORE MODULE SYLLABUS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES FOR UNDER GRADUATE COURSES OF ALL BRANCHES OF HIGHER EDUCATION Vision The significance of ecological science and natural examinations can't be contested. The requirement for economical advancement is a key to the eventual fate of humanity. Proceeding with issues of contamination, loss of overlook, strong waste removal, corruption of condition, issues like financial profitability and national security, Global warming, the exhaustion of ozone layer and loss of biodiversity have made everybody mindful of ecological issues.The United Nations Coference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janerio in 1992 and world Summit on Sustainable Development at Johannesburg in 2002 have drawn the consideration of individuals around the world to the breaking down state of our condition. Unmistakably no resident of the earth can bear to be oblivious of condition issues. Ecological administratio n has caught the consideration of social insurance supervisors. Overseeing ecological perils has gotten significant. Individuals have been keen on nature since the start of civilization.Even our antiquated sacred texts have stressed about practices and estimations of ecological preservation. It is currently considerably more basic than any time in recent memory for humanity overall to have an away from of natural concerns and to follow manageable advancement rehearses. India is wealthy in biodiversity which gives different assets to individuals. It is likewise reason for biotechnology. Just around 1. 7 million living beings have been diescribed and named all inclusive. Still manay more stay to be distinguished and portrayed. Endeavors are made to I moderate them in ex-situ and in-situ situations.Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become importanat in a biodiversity-rich nation like India to ensure organisms, plants and creatures that have helpful hereditary properties. Devasta tion of territories, over-utilization of vitality asset and natural contamination have been seen as answerable for the departure of an enormous number of living things. It is expected that an enormous extent of life on earth may get cleared out soon. Inspite of the crumbling status of the earth, investigation of condition have so far not got satisfactory consideration in our scholastic programmes.Recognizing this, the Hon’ble Supreme Court coordinated the UGC to present an essential seminar on condition at each level in school instruction. As needs be, the issue was considered by UGC and it was concluded that a six months mandatory center module course in ecological examinations might be readied and obligatorily executed in all the University/Colleges of India. The specialists panel named by the UGC has investigated all the appropriate inquiries, issues and other pertinent issues. This was trailed by surrounding of the center module prospectus for ecological examinations for college classes of all parts of Higher Education.We are profoundly cognizant that there will undoubtedly be holes between the perfect and genuine. Geniune try is required to limit the holes by scholarly and material data sources. The achievement of this course will rely upon the activity and drive of the educators and the open understudies. Schedule Unit 1 : Multidisciplinary nature of ecological investigations Definition, degree and significance (2 talks) Need for open mindfulness. II Unit 2 : Natural Resources : Renewable and non-inexhaustible assets : Natural assets and related issues. ) Forest assets : Use and over-abuse, deforestation, contextual analyses. Lumber extraction, mining, dams and their consequences for timberland and innate individuals. b) Water assets : Use and over-usage of surface and ground water, floods, dry spell, clashes over water, dams-advantages and issues. c) Mineral assets : Use and misuse, natural impacts of extricating and utilizing mineral assets, con textual investigations. d) Food assets : World food issues, changes brought about by horticulture and overgrazing, impacts of current farming, manure pesticide issues, water logging, saltiness, contextual analyses. ) Energy assets : Growing vitality needs, sustainable and non sustainable power sources, utilization of exchange vitality sources. Contextual investigations. f) †¢ Land assets : Land as an asset, land corruption, man prompted avalanches, soil disintegration and desertification. Job of a person in preservation of regular assets. Evenhanded utilization of resoureces for economical ways of life. (8 talks) Unit 3 : Ecosystems †¢ Concept of an environment. III †¢ Structure and capacity of a biological system. Makers, shoppers and decomposers. Vitality stream in the environment. Biological succession.Food chains, food networks and environmental pyramids. Presentation, types, trademark highlights, structure and capacity of the accompanying environment :a. Woods bi ological system b. Meadow biological system c. Desert environment d. Sea-going biological systems (lakes, streams, lakes, waterways, seas, estuaries) (6 talks) Unit 4 : Biodiversity and its preservation †¢ Introduction †Definition : hereditary, species and environment decent variety. Biogeographical order of India Value of biodiversity : wasteful use, profitable use, social, moral, tasteful and alternative qualities Biodiversity at worldwide, National and nearby levels.Inida as a super decent variety country †¢ IV †¢ Hot-sports of biodiversity. Dangers to biodiversity : living space misfortune, poaching of untamed life, man-natural life clashes. Imperiled and endemic types of India Conservation of biodiversity : In-situ and Ex-situ protection of biodiversity. (8 talks) Unit 5 : Environmental Pollution Definition †¢ Cause, impacts and control proportions of :a. b. c. d. e. f. g. †¢ Air contamination Water contamination Soil contamination Marine contamina tion Noise contamination Thermal contamination Nuclear perils Solid waste Management : Causes, impacts and control proportions of urban and mechanical squanders. †¢ Role of a person in anticipation of contamination. Contamination contextual investigations. Diaster the board : floods, seismic tremor, typhoon and avalanches. (8 talks) V Unit 6 : Social Issues and the Environment †¢ From Unsustainable to Sustainable improvement Urban issues identified with vitality Water protection, downpour water gathering, watershed the board Resettlement and rahabilitation of individuals; its issues and concerns. Contextual analyses †¢ Environmental morals : Issues and potential arrangements. Environmental change, a worldwide temperature alteration, corrosive downpour, ozone layer consumption, atomic mishaps and holocaust.Case Studies. †¢ Wasteland recovery. Commercialization and waste items. Condition Protection Act. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Water (Preventi on and control of Pollution) Act Wildlife Protection Act Forest Conservation Act Issues associated with authorization of natural enactment. Open mindfulness. (7 talks) Unit 7 : Human Population and the Environment †¢ Population development, variety among countries. Populace blast †Family Welfare Program. VI †¢ Environment and human wellbeing. Human Rights. Worth Education.HIV/AIDS. Ladies and Child Welfare. Job of Information Technology in Environment and human wellbeing. Contextual analyses. (6 talks) Unit 8 : Field work †¢ Visit to a neighborhood record natural assetsriver/woodland/meadow/slope/mountain †¢ Visit to a nearby dirtied site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural Study of basic plants, creepy crawlies, winged animals. Investigation of basic environments lake, waterway, slope inclines, and so on. (Field work Equal to 5 talk hours) VII SIX MONTHS COMPULSORY CORE MODULE COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES : FOR UNDERGRADUATES Teaching MethodologiesThe ce nter Moudle Syllabus for Environment Studies incorporates homeroom educating and Field Work. The schedule is partitioned into eight units covering 50 talks. The initial seven units will cover 45 talks which are study hall based to upgrade information aptitudes and attitute to condition. Unit eight depends on field activites which will be canvassed in five talk hours and would give understudy direct information on varios nearby ecological angles. Field experience is one of the best learning instruments for ecological concerns.This moves out of the extent of the reading material method of educating into the domain of genuine learning in the field, where the instructor only goes about as an impetus to decipher what the understudy watches or finds in his/her own condition. Field contemplates are as basic as class work and structure a vital synergistic device in the whole learning process. Course material gave by UGC to study hall educating and field exercises be used. The colleges/unive rsities can likewise endless supply of outside asset people for instructing purpose.Environmental Core Module will be incorporated into the encouraging projects of all college classes. Yearly System : The span of the course will be 50 talks. The test will be led alongside the Annual Examination. VIII Semester System : The Environment course of 50 talks will be led in the subsequent semester and the assessment will be led toward the finish of the subsequent semester. Credt System : Exam Pattern : The course will be granted 4 credits. In the event of granting the imprints, the inquiry paper should convey 100 imprints. The structure of the inquiry paper being :Part-A, Short answer design Part-B, Essay type with inbuilt decision Part-C, Field Work †25 imprints 50 imprints 25 imprints IX REFERENCE a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) I) j) k) l) m) n) o) p) q) r) s) Agarwal, K. C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Publ. Ltd. Bikaner. Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Publishing Pvt . Ltd. , Ahmedabad â€

Questions on Macro Economics Essay Example

Inquiries on Macro Economics Essay Que According to the Keynesian perspective on cash, there are three reasons why individuals hold cash. Quickly depict the three (3) intentions in holding cash and the principle determinants of every one of these cash adjusts. (15/15) According to the Keynesian perspective on cash, there are three thought processes in holding cash. These thought processes are transactionary intentions, preparatory and theoretical rationale. Transactionary intention This is the interest for cash as a mechanism of trade. Cash is required for everyday costs or everyday acquisition of merchandise and enterprises. Cash is traded for merchandise and enterprises that cook for the requirements and needs of clients. The merchandise may include the most fundamental ones, for example, food, water and sanctuary just as dress. Prudent thought process Money as a store of significant worth can be utilized to cook for vulnerabilities. Individuals want cash to provide food for these vulnerabilities that may affect on their lives. Surprising calamities, for example, demise, floods, hailstorms, etc may expand the interest to hold cash as a precautionary measure. Anyway certain monetary conditions, for example, the pace of swelling may have exceptional ramifications on the interest for cash for prudent intentions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Questions on Macro Economics explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Questions on Macro Economics explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Questions on Macro Economics explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer On the off chance that the loan cost is excessively high, the interest for cash for prudent thought processes increments. Theoretical rationale Money as a store of significant worth can be request as a result of theory or desires. Hypothesis impactsly affects liquidity inclination. The liquidity inclination can be dictated by a few factors, for example, the pace of expansion and loan fee. On the off chance that people or families for instance anticipate a sharp increment in the cost of items, the interest for cash as a theoretical rationale diminishes as the dread that the estimation of their cash will be lost because of swelling. On the off chance that individuals anticipate a sharp lessening in the cost of wares, the interest to hold cash will increment as they realize that, they will have the option to purchase more.  © IMM Graduate School of Marketing Good Answer Booklet MAC/ECO101 Page 4 of 22 The interest to hold cash as a transactionary intention is known as dynamic equalization. Cash held for prudent and theoretical rationale is known as inert parity. When all is said in done there is an opposite connection between holding cash as inert parity and loan cost. The higher the loan cost the more prominent the liquidity inclination or interest for cash for preparatory and theoretical thought process. . 2 List the three (3) primary infusions into the round progression of salary and spending and two (2) spillages from the roundabout progression of pay and spending. (5/5) Injections into the round stream are: a. Installments made by the remote part to the nation for sends out. b. Ventures by outside firms in to a nation. c. Government appropriations and installments for merchandise and ventures. Spillages from the roundabout progression of pay and spending are: a. Installments for imports to the remote division. b. Installment of burdened to the legislature. QUESTION 3 [20/20] 3. Keynesian Theory stressed a functioning job for government in keeping up the full work level of national livelihoods. An economy liberated from government intercession couldn't guarantee an adequate degree of interest. Assuming, be that as it may, government balanced the degree of infusions and withdrawals, the degree of financial movement could be controlled through the multiplier impact. Quickly depict what is implied by the multiplier impact. (5/5) The multiplier impact alludes to changes in national or harmony pay or yield coming about because of changes if consumption segments. The outcome is consistently a various of the consumption, which infers that the outcome is consistently higher that the underlying charge as such it is a numerous of the underlying charge. An adjustment in infusion, state utilization (C), venture (I), Government consumption (G) and fares (X) brings about a greater change fair and square of national yield or salary. The multiplier chips away at the segment of the infusion that is directed into the roundabout stream. In the event that along these lines is influenced by such withdrawals as reserve funds, duties and imports. In an open economy, the multiplier is given by the accompanying equation: 1 †C (1 †t) tm Where c, t and m speak to the inclinations to buyer and import which are withdrawals from the roundabout stream. 3. 2 Explain utilizing an AS/AD outline, the effect of an expansion in efficiency without an expansion in compensation on the total interest and gracefully bends. It would be ideal if you guarantee that you show all naming on your chart. (15/15)  © IMM Graduate School of Marketing Good Answer Booklet MAC/ECO101 Page 5 of 22 The effect of an expansion in efficiency without an expansion in compensation on AD and AS bends. AD1 AD E2 Price P P2 P0 P1 E0 E1 AS AS1 AS AD1 AS1 AD Y 0 Y0 Y1 Y2 Total Output Y From the figure over, the first cost is P0 and the national pay is equal to Y0. The economy is in balance at E0. An expansion in profitability moves the total flexibly bend to one side from AS to AS1. With the new gracefully bend, the harmony movements to E1 at a value P1 and pay Y1. Along these lines an expansion in efficiency lessens the cost down to P1 and expands national salary to Y1 from Y0. On the off chance that there was an expansion in compensation this would have moved the total interest bend to AD, AD1 and expanded the normal cost with a resultant higher yield. QUESTION 4. 1 [20/20] Briefly talk about the issues confronting less created nations which clarify why, as a gathering, LDCs will in general be more unfortunate than created nations. (15/15) LDC’s for the most part have an a lot higher populace development than Developed nations. Quick populace development can make issues on the grounds that new openings must be made so as to oblige the expansion in the work power. On the off chance that this can't be accomplished, at that point joblessness will increment and this will likewise affect the nature of the prosperity of the general public just as weight on  © IMM Graduate School of Marketing Clever response Booklet MAC/ECO101 Page 6 of 22 instruction and wellbeing administrations ailing in quality and amount. The other issue looked by LDC’s is that the nature of the work power will in general be low. Countless LDC’s don’t approach regular assets, for example, mineral stores, vitality sources and agrarian land for instance in the tropics where the atmosphere isn't positive for cultivating and in these territories yields and domesticated animals sicknesses are normal. Those with the mineral stores may not be in the situation to gain admittance to capital with the end goal for them to remove these minerals. Most LDC’s utilize customary strategies for cultivating and land possession frameworks because of this agrarian efficiency are low. In certain social orders the land is possessed by the network and not by the people in this way and individual may not be roused to ensure or improve the dirt since others will profit without bearing an expense. Agrarian advancement is in this way obstructed. The other issue that LDC’s face is that their foundation is commonly inadequately evolved. Force age frameworks, streets, correspondence frameworks just as lodging offices are deficient. This will in general influence access to the business sectors and furthermore this makes it hard for firms in these nations to abuse economies of scale similarly that those organizations in created nations do. There is additionally the issue of basic lack of capital merchandise and access to back so as to advance financial turn of events. LDC’s don't have their own capital products businesses and they need to import them, and this will achieve another issue of lack of outside money. LDC’s depend on outside guide, remote credits and outside direct ventures to buy capital products. 4. Name the four (4) key market-situated arrangement instruments through which money related strategy is directed in South Africa. (5/5) The four arrangement instruments are settlement strategy, open market approach, intercession in outside trade markets and open obligation the board. QUESTION 5. 1 [20/20] The South African Reserve Bank utilizes three unique proportions of the amount of cash, s pecifically M1, M2 and M3. Clarify what these measures (M1, M2 and M3) comprise of. (6/6) M1 alludes to all notes and coins available for use just as all interest stores. M2 alludes to M1 and furthermore incorporates short to medium term stores. M3 is comprised of M1 and M2 and furthermore incorporates all drawn out stores. 5. 2 Use request and gracefully examination to graphically outline and clarify the monetary effect of an import tax on a decent, for example, materials. Your chart and clarification must show the circumstance without universal exchange and after the economy is opened up to worldwide exchange. (11/11) The diagram beneath shows the financial effect of an import levy on a decent, for example, materials:  © IMM Graduate School of Marketing Good Answer Booklet MAC/ECO101 Page 7 of 22 P AD AS Price P0 E0 Pt SW Pw AS 0 Q1 Q2 Q0 Q4 Q5 AD Q QUANTITY 5. 3. Rundown three (3) segments of the equalization of installments. (3/3) without universal exchange the material market, total interest (AD) and total gracefully (AS) are at balance at E0, where cost is P0 and amount is Q0. The economy is opened up to universal exchange. The world gracefully of materials is presently reflected by SW. this is a level gracefully bend that mirrors that at the world cost of Pw, a boundless amount of materials is accessible for flexibly. This is a huge decline in cost from the harmony cost of P0. At the world cost of Pw, the local providers are just capable and ready to gracefully a

Inherent Asymmetry

Inherent Asymmetry Im not going to grad school next year, but I am taking the GREs in physics this saturday. Few things Im doing to prepare for it: sleeping 3 hours last night to drastically shift my sleep schedule into alignment with the 8:30am start time of the exam. And, of course, relearning all the physics I learned freshman/sophomore year, starting a week ago. From what I hear, MIT students tend not to do as well on the exam as they should, considering their preparation. The physics GRE tests very shallow knowledge of a broad range of topics, it will be unlike any test youve taken at MIT (well, maybe those tricky PRS questions you get in TEAL). I know math is the same way. Dont know about other subject tests. Anyways, since Ive got plenty of time before I actually need to use this score, doing well on these GREs is more a matter of pride than anything else. Well, no not exactly, GREs cost $$$ and are a real pain in the neck, itd be nice to call it quits after this. In any case, last night, I picked a classroom in building 66, parked my butt down for 3 hours and took a full length exam. I got up to leave at about 3am, gathered my stuff, pretty tired and confused, turned around and saw this: (Someones conclusion at the end of a lengthy economic analysis.) and everything was illuminated.

The Attitudes And Practices Of Nigerian Immigrants On...

The title of this article is â€Å" Using photovoice to explore Nigerian immigrants’ eating and physical activity in the United States†. According to Turk, Fapohunda, and Zoucha (2014), the purpose of this article were to explore the perceptions and practices of Nigerian immigrants regarding healthy eating and physical activity in the United States; assess the influence of cultural beliefs of Nigerian immigrants on eating and physical activity; describe the role that healthcare providers can play in helping to promote healthy eating and physical activity; and evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using photovoice to collect data on the perceptions and practices of Nigerian immigrants regarding healthy eating and physical activity. Ethical Aspect The study activities institutional review broad approval was obtained from the university where the principal investigator is employed. Eligible participants were asked to participate in this study about their perception of unhealthy and healthy eating and activity. In their first meeting at the church, the study was explained, and writing informed consent was obtained. In the study the researcher stated that they used audiotaped and told participants their responses would remain confidential. After two weeks they returned back to the church to distribute digital cameras, they demonstrated how to use the camera, and explained to participants what they need to take picture of. Participants were trained to respect privacy and asking forShow MoreRelatedEssay on Personal Heritage Assessment1520 Words   |  7 Pagesprotection and health restoration. Also this paper will identify health traditions as regards to cultural heritage of the writer, then how the three families interviewed in this paper follow their customs and how important their traditions and practices are to them. 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Moiety Definition in Chemistry

In chemistry, a moiety is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule. Although sometimes the terms moiety and functional group are interchanged, a functional group is a smaller group of atoms. Moieties are branches in organic molecules that extend from the carbon backbone. Often, moieties may be substituted with other substituents or side chains. In pharmacology, an active moiety is the portion of an ion or molecule responsible for the activity of a drug. Examples: hydroxyl moiety: -OHaldehyde moiety: -COH

Health Care Communication Free Essays

The patient who is distrusting of their nurse will not be compliant or may not take part in self-care. Nurses communicate each day with patients and coworkers. Building effective communication skills in the healthcare industry can lead to optimal outcomes. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first step to communication is to determine what the message to be conveyed is and put it in a logical order. Make the message brief. Choosing your words correctly will allow the receiver to understand what you are saying. Be considerate of the patient’s education, cultural, knowledge base and level of understanding. When you begin to speak be sure that you have the attention of the receiver, at the end of the conversation get feedback to ensure that your message was conveyed correctly. This paper will discuss the definition of health care communication, the relevancy of effective personal healthcare communication with other health care professionals and patients, relevancy of effective healthcare communication to health outcomes, and how the lack of effective personal and professional healthcare communications contributes to poor health outcomes. Healthcare communication can be defined as when an individual seeks information n health related issues. According to Healthy People 2010, (n. D. , overview), â€Å"Health communication encompasses the study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health. â€Å"The dissemination of information can be done via public communication or in an organizational context. Public communication refers to, â€Å"presentations, speeches, and public addresses made by individuals on health-related topics†. (Morehouse, 1998, p. 4). Health communication in the organizational context refers to how administration or staff provides information in regard to healthcare. The use of communication for healthcare issues is important to many people in that it increases awareness of healthcare risks, benefits, availability and support systems. Public communication utilizes pamphlets, public service announcements, etc. , to alert persons to health issues which can â€Å"encourage healthy behaviors, create awareness, change attitudes, and motivate individuals to adopt recommended behaviors. â€Å"(Healthy people 2010, n. D. , overview). When communicating with patients the nurse needs to look at the overall picture of the patient. This is his or her values, beliefs, culture and knows the health literacy of the attain. The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. When a patient understands his or her disease process it helps that individual make the right decisions regarding their healthcare. A nurse who is able to understand a patient’s values, culture, beliefs, and incorporate them into the patients care builds a sense of trust between the patient and nurse. Communicating with other healthcare professionals also requires effective healthcare communication. Some nurses may not know their role responsibilities. As a charge nurse on the floor you can explain to that nurse what her role is. The charge nurse will need to be accurate in the information she provides, consistent, reliable in that the content is correct and up to date. When positive, caring relationships establish between patients and caregiver, patients report a greater ability to cope effectively with their illness and greater compliance with health care regiments. â€Å"(Morehouse Northouse, 1998, up. 79-80). Patients fear the unknown. Being in a hospital can be scary if they do not know what is happening to them. A nurse who speaks to a patient regarding his plan of care and shows empathy will give that patient a sense that he or she cares. A patient who understands his disease process will be able to make sound decisions, discuss treatment with family and cope with the situation. According to Williwaw, (2007), â€Å"There are five elements in the process of communication; the sender, the receiver, the message, the medium and internal and external static. â€Å"A problem with any of these elements can distort the meaning of what is trying to be conveyed. How to cite Health Care Communication, Papers Health Care Communication Free Essays University of Phoenix Material Health Care Communication Methods The following assignment options provide the opportunity for you to explore communication methods for different kinds of health care scenarios. The assignment options also allow you to examine the effects of HIPAA and other regulations on health care communication. Select and complete one of the following assignments: Option 1: Nursing Home Administrator Option 2: Communications Coordinator Option 1: Nursing Home Administrator Read the following scenario: * As the administrator of a local nursing home, you have just received notification that the organization is being purchased by a national group. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of new policies to be implemented, many of the residents will be displaced. To make the situation more challenging, some of these residents have difficulty communicating, have no local family, and have not indicated that they approve the release of their medical information. Arrangements must be made for these individuals. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper on the different types of communication methods for the health care organization described in the scenario. Include the following in your paper: The advantages and disadvantages of using traditional, electronic, and social media for health care communication The effects of HIPAA and other regulations on the use of these media for health care communication Cite a minimum of two sources, one from the University Library and the other from the course textbooks or Electronic Reserve Readings, to support your position. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Option 2: Communications Coordinator Consider the following scenario: * You are the communications coordinator for a national drug manufacturer. Recently, there have been reports of significant negative effects caused by one of your medications that is used by a significant population. News reports have alleged that one of the individuals affected is a well-known public figure. You are tasked with addressing the news reports and the general public regarding this situation. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper on different types of communication methods for the health care organization described in the scenario. Include the following in your paper: The advantages and disadvantages of using traditional, electronic, and social media for health care communication The effects of HIPAA and other regulations on the use of these media for health care communication Cite a minimum of two sources, one from the University Library and the other from the course textbooks or Electronic Reserve Readings, to support your position. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. How to cite Health Care Communication, Papers

Cross Culture Management Business Transaction In Manner

Question: Describe about the Cross Culture Management for Business Transaction In Manner. Answer: Introduction: In this paper, we are going to focus on the cultural differences between Brazil and China. The study is carried out on the backgrounds, the way of thinking, cultural differences, and being and acting which helps in influencing the aspect of working practice in business world of Brazil and China. The research is on analysing the impact of culture on the business tactics. The culture is defined as the different pattern in ideas, norms, and belief which focuses on relationship in the society or with other society (Johnsons, 2009). These beliefs assumed to be natural and unchangeable. Culture can also view as the transmission of behaviour from one generation to another (Senay, 2011). The culture of the people depends on three factors such as tradition of the people, transmission of implicit and explicit pattern by using symbols and distinguishing achievement by implementing human group. The core value of the culture is the combination of traditional ideas and the value attached to those ideas. It works on constituting the action and their impact on further action. The cultural difference depends on two pillars which are named as personal moral development and authorization power of the leaders (Belokar, 2012). No scientific standard have been developed to study the differences in thinking, feeling, and acting of different groups because every group is associated with different ideas, values, and beliefs. The international business and culture are associated with different societies which may have impact on the culture, social changes, cultural background of people, and objective study of cross cultural communication helps in evaluating the cultural differences in carrying out successful business transaction in effective manner. About Brazil and China: From the research and literature review, it has been analysed that Brazil is composed of cultural and geographical diversification. It is the largest and most populated country of South America. The culture of Brazil is usually affected by cultural values of Portuguese, indigenous, and African (Perkins, 2015). The stability of the people depends on the social culture of the nation. The stability of the people depends on the social culture of the nation. Brazil is a country rich in diversity.it has a good combination of the races and the ethnicities. The stability of the people depends on the social structure of the family (Mark, 2011). No scientific standard have been developed to study the differences in thinking, feeling, and acting of different groups because every group is associated with different ideas, values, and beliefs. The individual develops the social network to manage relationship with their family. Class System is also followed in Brazil. Skin difference is observed in the culture of the residing people of the nation. China is considered as cultural heritage country. The cultural interaction must not be overlooked for the country. The population of the country shows the different characteristics pattern in accordance with values, behaviour, and believes. From 1970, china is working on the policy of family planning for bringing population under control (Shacklett, 2015). The country believes on reforming and developing opening policies for establishing social market economy. The international business and culture are associated with different societies which may have impact on the culture, social changes, cultural background of people, and objective study of cross cultural communication helps in evaluating the cultural differences in carrying out successful business transaction in effective manner. The Chinese culture focuses on developing relationship with individual because it is treated as the relationship has been developed with the entire organization (Jin, 2015). Economic Relationship between Brazil and China: The population of the country shows the different characteristics pattern in accordance with values, behaviour, and believes. The difference in culture may affect the acceptance of information. Culture can be defined as the way of living standard, behaving, and thinking. Negotiating is the time taken process for the Brazilians. Reviewing of the document is the core process of the business. Decision making authority is provided to the person who is sitting on the top position of the Company (Christini, 2011). Legal documentation is the central part of the business (Thomsons, 2013). From starting to end of the project, negotiating team cannot be changed. Informal communication is followed in handling meeting and conference. Brazilians believes on developing relationship with other people. The personal and professional communication is highly focused on developing relationship between the individuals. Personal relationship is the core part of culture of Brazilians (Brown, 2011). The suc cess of the business depends on the personal relationship developed between the employer and the employees. The effects which have been researched on both the counties due to the cultural difference are listed in the table below: Factors Description Social Cohesion Orientation of intercultural differences Integration of culture Innovation and creation Development of new and unfamiliar ideas Opportunities provided to the new organization Limit the entrepreneur risk Development of artistic model for testing Education Perspective view of individual on education Building and enhancing capacity of knowledge Intercultural education should be provided Well-being and health Development of Psychological well-being Effectiveness and prevention therapy Cohesion with the families and development of relationship with others Health beliefs Sustainability Effectiveness in recycling of the waste Development of responsibility in socio-environment Willingness to spend money on greenery Sustainability in population growth Economic influences Innovation in the competition between business Creativity in cultural values Opportunities provided on the basis of cultural resources Cultural sponsorship Communication and interaction Languages Behaviour of the individual Promotion to the minorities Society and social behaviour Capacity of taking action can be enhanced Creation of retaining identities Modification in the values Preference given to the collective choice Development in the social cohesion Contribution to the development of integrated community Participation of the individual Culture Dimensions of Hofstede, Trompenaars, and Halls: In Hofstede, the cultural dimensions are distinguish on the basis of five modules which are named as Power Index, Individualism, Masculinity, uncertainty, and long term orientation. From the research five independent dimensions have evolved for differentiating the cultural difference between the two countries. The culture of the nation can be evaluated by measuring the difference of culture by making use of assessment tools which can be categorised as development of trust, belief, honesty, and integrity among individual, effectiveness of the leadership, balancing relationship with the stakeholders, Development of mission, values, and vision, and processing of the integrity. The dimensions are described below: Power index distance: The PDI score gives the degree of differentiation between people in terms of equality and inequality. The higher score of PDI indicates the difference in wealth and power among individual. The lower score indicates the social inequality. Hierarchical relationship is usually seen in the culture. Individualism: The score of individualism indicates the importance of individual in relation with cultural values. A high score of individualism indicates that the focus of the country is on the cultural values of the individual. The lower value indicates that the values are associated with the group such as family, tribe, and nation. Masculinity: The traditional role of the male and female can be predicted by the degree to which the reinforcement occurs in the culture. The high score of masculinity indicates more discrimination between male and female genders of the country. The low score of masculinity indicates less discrimination between male and female genders of the country. Masculine culture usually depends on power of competition, accumulation of wealth, and ambition. Feminine culture usually depends on power of developing relationship and maintaining quality of life Uncertainty Avoidance: Uncertainty avoidance is usually associated with the level of uncertainty tolerance and ambiguity. The societies are dependent on the development of rules and regulations. A low score of the country signifies that the ambiguity and uncertainty are not highly focused. When the country is not dependent on rule than it can easily change its policies according to the acceptable changes required in the country. Long Term Orientation: This phenomenon is mainly concerned with the future planning of the country. The long term orientation of the country is usually valued with perseverance. The table below shows the ranking of the two counties i.e. Brazil and China. Country PDI IDV MAS UAI LTO Brazil 69 38 49 76 65 China 80 20 66 30 118 In Trompenaars, the culture difference can be measured in terms of universalism-particularism, specific-Diffuse, achievement-Description, Time perspective relationship with regards to environment, individualism-Communitarianism, and neutral-emotional. The ethical culture of the business helps in aligning the formal structure of the business, development of processes and policies, development of training and development program, ethical behaviour of the top leadership based on values. It focuses on inspiring the population of the nation to follow the ethical standard of the country (Barbosa, 2014). The cultural difference depends on two pillars which are named as personal moral development and authorization power of the leaders. The business culture follows the characteristics such as paternalistic, particularistic, Universalistic, collectivistic, individualistic, formal, and informal. Country Paternalistic Particularistic Universalistic Collectivistic Individualistic Forma Informal Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes The culture of the nation can be evaluated by measuring the difference of culture by making use of assessment tools which can be categorised as development of trust, belief, honesty, and integrity among individual, effectiveness of the leadership, balancing relationship with the stakeholders, Development of mission, values, and vision, and processing of the integrity. In Halls, the culture of the Brazil and China are differentiated in terms of context, time, and space. The time spending for developing relationship is followed in china but not in Brazil. The exchanging of the business card is treated as exchanging of information in China but the same is not followed in Brazil. The Chinese culture focuses on developing relationship with individual because it is treated as the relationship has been developed with the entire organization. In the Brazilian culture, they give more importance to the development of relationship with the individual. Interruption is not tolerated in china during communication whereas Brazilian can tolerate the interruption of other people. Kissing, hugging, and backslapping are the important forms of greeting in Brazil whereas Handshaking is usually preferred in China. Cultural Similarities between Brazil and China: Both the countries depend on the process of socialism to get the knowledge about the organization that they are going to start with. Considerable amount of time should be spent for developing relationship with the individuals. The success of the business depends when the relationship of trust develops between the people of the organization. The level of hierarchy is followed in differentiating the authorities to the persons. Criticising and insulting others is treated as an offence. Negotiation with people generally preferred in both the countries. The organization negotiation is not followed in both the countries. The emphasis is given on face to face communication rather than written communication for carrying out business agreement. They beliefs on preparing legal contracts with the business partner. The development of relationship is the core part of the culture of both the countries. Analysis of cultural aspect in Brazil: The working practice of Brazilian is effective when they know about the business with whom they are associated. To start the business with Brazilian it has been noticed that the negotiation should be carried out to start the project and building relationship (Andrew, 2009). The emphasis is given on face to face communication rather than written communication for carrying out business agreement. The working of Brazilians involves preparing legal contracts with the business partner. They give more importance to the people or individual than the organization with which deal has been done. They preferred doing business with the individual or organization whom they know before. All the decision is taken by the person who is sitting on the highest position of the companies. The Brazilian follows the system of hierarchy. Kissing, hugging, and backslapping are the important forms of greeting. Informal communications do not follow any standard for protocol. Brazilian can tolerate the interrup tion of other people. Business cards are used for introducing the persons attending the meeting to one another. Analysis of Cultural aspect in China: China works on ethical system which includes respecting superiors, performing familys duties, loyalty towards friends, and the pillars of sincerity and courtesy. Respect and status can be increased with the increase in the age of the individual. Business cards are used for introducing the persons attending the meeting to one another. The core value of the culture is the combination of traditional ideas and the value attached to those ideas. It works on constituting the action and their impact on further action. The business card is carefully examined by the recipient. If the business card is not read by the recipient properly then it is treated as a breach. Handshaking is the normal form giving greeting to other people. No circulation of expensive gifts in usually followed in working practice. Criticising and insulting others is treated as an offence. The virtues of china culture depend on loyalty, duty, sincerity, filial piety, honour, seniority, respect for age, and others. The sta bility of the society depends on developing harmonious relation between individuals. The development of relationship plays an important role in the success of the business. Conclusion: The study is carried out on the backgrounds, the way of thinking, cultural differences, and being and acting which helps in influencing the aspect of working practice in business world of Brazil and China. The culture is defined as the different pattern in ideas, norms, and belief which focuses on relationship in the society or with other society. From the research and literature review, it has been analysed that Brazil is composed of cultural and geographical diversification. The China believes on reforming and developing opening policies for establishing social market economy. The virtues of culture depend on loyalty, duty, sincerity, filial piety, honour, seniority, respect for age, and others. The stability of the society depends on developing harmonious relation between individuals. The ethical culture focuses on inspiring the population of the nation to follow the ethical standard of the country. The core value of the culture is the combination of traditional ideas and the valu e attached to those ideas. The difference in culture may affect the acceptance of information. Culture can be defined as the way of living standard, behaving, and thinking. References: Johnsons, S. (2009).Cultural differences between countries: the Brazilian and the Chinese way of doing business. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.pucsp.br/icim/ingles/downloads/papers_2010/part_9/32_Cultural%20Differences%20Between%20Countries%20The%20Brazilian%20and%20the.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Senay, A. (2011).Cultural values and creativity: A two country comparison between United States and South Africa. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1352context=etdsei-redir=1referer=https://www.google.co.in/url%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dresearch [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Belokar, R. (2012).National cultural differences and multinational business. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.aacsb.edu/~/media/AACSB/Publications/CDs%20and%20DVDs/GLOBE/readings/national-cultural-differences-and-multinational-business.ashx [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Perkins, J. (2015). Agriculture trade liberalization and rural poverty: Brazil and china compared. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=research%20paper%20pdf%20on%20cultural%20difference%20between%20china%20and%20b [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Mark, S. (2011).Are Brazilian and American Cultures really different. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.serialsjournals.com/serialjournalmanager/pdf/1436420556.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Andrew, L. (2009).A cross culture comparison of Brazil, Russia, India, and China on Negotiation style. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/T-Anth/Anth-19-0-000-15-Web/Anth-19-2-000-15-Abst-PDF/T-ANTH-19-2-457-15-1177-Tu-Yu-Te/T-ANTH-19-2-457-15-1177-Tu-Yu-Te-Tx[16].pmd.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Brown, V. (2011).China, India, Brail, and South Africa in the world economy. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6484075.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Christini, O. (2011). Cultural Differences in business communication. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1149context=teppersei-redir=1referer=https://www.google.co.in/url%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dresearch%2[Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Thomsons, L. (2013).Cultural and Negotiation Strategy. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://uwaterloo.ca/culture-at-work-lab/sites/ca.culture-at-work-lab/files/uploads/files/Neg%20J%202004Culture%20and%20Negotiation%20Strategy.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Shacklett, D. (2015).Cultural Differences and similarities between China and Brazil. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/978-1-137-54080-5_13 [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Jin, X. (2015).Ethical culture in large business organization in BRIC. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://disciplinas.stoa.usp.br/pluginfile.php/3505/mod_resource/content/1/2011.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Barbosa, A. (2014).Economic Relationship between Brazil and China. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/50190.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016].

Saudi Aramco Oil Company

Saudi Aramco Oil Company

Peace in International Relations

Peace in International Relations Introduction According to Marsden (2003), peace can be defined as the as a state of public tranquility or freedom from war. This means that for peace to prevail in a given public setup there has to be calmness initiated by the members of the society or community referred to as peacemakers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Peace in International Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impacts of International relations theories on peacemaking and post-conflict recovery In international relations, peace can be explained in three different theories which are: Realism Liberalism Constructivism Mac Ginty (2003) asserts that the realism theory concentrates on the struggle for power amongst different states and portrays the hardships in doing away with conflicts or wars. It majors on giving reasons for war or imperialism as it focuses on competition for power or property amongst different states as it upholds the charac teristics of American soviet rivalry. Liberalism, on the other hand, advocates for a solution to peace. It is through liberalism that there would be economic interdependence amongst different states hence there would be no threats on states’ prosperity. Liberalism is also concerned with the democracy of a particular state (Hudson, 2005). Democratic countries are said to promote peace by carrying out more peacemaking activities unlike authoritarian states (Marsden, 2003). In addition, Liberalism is said to bring unity among different states as it promotes the interdependence of international resources amongst different states. For instance, the International Monetary Fund offers financial aid to different countries or states. The constructivist theory on the other hand advocates for useful changes in states. For example, a change in the Marxist agenda and the setting idea of capitalism in the current world has caused improvement peacemaking initiatives. These three theories ha ve a great impact in the peace making process described below as they set up the pace for peace making. Thomas and Tow (2002) assert, â€Å"They give advice as evident in the peace keeping techniques on how to approach conflicts and resolve them eventually through the most appropriate means†.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Historical context on how to end war It is due to the efforts made by peace keeping organizations that brought the end of the cold war in 1989. This was brought about by the shifting priorities of individuals in different states. In my own opinion, considering the fact that war brought about losses and lack of time to perform constructive obligations, it is always a good idea to neglect the competition for property or power amongst states but encourage interdependence amongst them. Langlois (2012) argues that war in most cases leads t o destruction of what people are fighting for hence no benefit to any of the war parties. Peace operations to end war or conflict It is usually a good idea to come up with peace operations which are likely to contribute positively in peace keeping or peace building. For example, â€Å"Mission creep† was initiated in Somalia and Rwanda as a measure to calm war. Hudson (2005) asserts that in 2000, there was also a report on the panel on the United Nations peace operations that was meant to promote peace between countries. Individual responsibility Abass (2010) takes the stand that it is significant to note the shift of peace promotion from state hands to the hands of the individual. Individuals are said to be the prime objects of establishing peace between different regions. The behavior of human beings determine so much on state tranquility hence peace starts from individual level to state’s level (Mac Ginty, 2003). This is according to International Commission on Inter vention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) report tabled in 2001 that calls upon individuals to exercise peace at individual level. Human security Human security is one of the most fundamental reasons for peace initiatives in a state. It is important to note that human security is held as being vital than the sovereignty of the state. This is mainly because human beings make up the state and without them the state cannot exist (Burke, 2012). Therefore, it is significant to exercise human security as a measure to achieve peace in a state. This can be achieved by individuals employing liberalism in their peace making techniques.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Peace in International Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human intervention to end war Dobbins (2005) suggests that in order to avoid conflicts or wars, human intervention should be employed and avoid military action unless war is the last resort to solve th e conflict. Chapter VII of the UN Charter permits use of military force by the international community if peaceful measures prove inadequate though they still must be mandated by UNSC. Though there are many critics to this opinion, it still remains to be the most conscious decision by many governments. Peace concepts In the concepts of maintaining peace, the issue of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) is meant to provide security that boosts peace in an area. SSR (Security Sector Reform) is also involved in creating the right structure for peace keeping in the society. Bellamy et al (2008) argue that the government also takes up the obligation of maintaining peace to its people. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to assert that peacemaking is a vital role in the society that should be promoted from individual to the state’s level for the economic, social and religious benefits of the people. The theories of communication also add up to importance of pe acemaking as they set a pace for peace building. References Abass, A 2010, Protecting human security in Africa, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Bellamy, AJ et al. 2011, The responsibility to protect and international law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Boston. Burke, A 2012, An Introduction to International Relations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Dobbins, J 2005, The UNs role in nation-building: from the Congo to Iraq, RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hudson, H 2005, Doing’ Security as Though Humans Matter’, Security Dialogue, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 155-174. Langlois, A 2012, ‘Human Rights’, in R Devetak, A Burke and J George (eds), An Introduction to International Relations, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.440-459. Mac Ginty, R, 2003, The Pre-War Reconstruction of Post-War Iraq, Third World Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 601-617. Marsden, P 2003, ‘Afghanistan: the reconstruction process’, International Affairs, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 92–104. Thomas, N Tow, WT 2002, The utility of human security: sovereignty and humanitarian intervention, Security Dialogue, vol. 33, no. 2, pp.177-192.

Legal Professional Conduct Hypothetical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Professional Conduct Hypothetical - Essay Example This breach attracts a penalty of 50 units. If the receipt is related to financial service, then Warren Robinson’s act of diverting Peter’s money will be a default relating to financial services or investments under section 373 of the said Act. Warren Robinson is also deemed to have breached section 34 of the Legal Profession Regulation 2007 (hereafter, the Regulation) governing receipt of trust money. In the absence of any information to this effect, there is a breach of section 34 (2) (4) & (5) of the Regulation. (Legal Profession Regulation, 2007). How the situation should have been handled. Warren should have deposited the money of Peter into the General Trust Account. Mitigation Warren can interpret the money received as a fee for financial service and which he need not have deposited into the trust account. Law society may be addressed as mentioned in section 239 of the Act for giving necessary directions and interpretations. 2. Susan is asked by George, the solic itor employee of Warren Robinson law firm, to pay $1,200 for the specific purpose of covering cost of medical reports. This will become a controlled money when received from Susan in terms of section 237 (1) defining the controlled money. By depositing the first part payment of $ 750 given by Susan into the general trust account, the firm breaches section 251 (1) of the Act which requires deposit of controlled money in a controlled money account held by an Authorized Deposit taking Institution (ADI).. Failure to deposit attracts a maximum penalty of 50 points. . The firm has breached Section 48 of the Regulation which requires a law firm to maintain a single controlled money receipt system and issue receipts accordingly. The office employee Mary has issued a trust account receipt instead of a controlled money receipt as directed by George, the solicitor employee of the firm. The firm has breached section 50 of the Regulation by issuing a cheque for $ 940 to the doctor on Susanâ€⠄¢s account by having it signed by George, who is not authorized to withdraw controlled money. Section 50 (1) of the Regulation stipulates that controlled money can only be withdrawn by an authorized principal of the law practice or an authorized legal practitioner associate or an authorized legal practitioner holding an unrestricted practicing certificate authorizing the receipt of trust money. It is not known whether George holds such a certificate. Warren issues a trust account cheque for $ 450 towards payment of the physiotherapist report without actually receiving funds from Susan thus apparently diverting somebody’s else’s money from the trust account. This is in violation of section 259 (1) of the Act, subsection (a) of which prohibits causing of a deficiency in any trust account or trust ledger account without a reasonable excuse. It attracts a maximum penalty of 200 units (legal Profession Act, 2007) and (Trust Accounting Guide, 2009). How the situation should have been handled The practice should have deposited in a controlled money account held by an (ADI). Mitigation Since a written direction is necessary to open a controlled money account, a defense may be available to the law firm for depositing it into general trust account in the absence of a written direction 3. Katrina, another solicitor employee of the law firm Robinson Associates, transfers $ 400 from the trust

Skiing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skiing - Essay Example In USA, the first record of the use of skis was in Wisconsin in the year 1841 with the first ski race being held in 1867. Other famous events in the ski history in the US were held in the 1930s in locations such as Utah, Idaho, Stowe, Sun Valley and Ulta among others. Recreational skiing, which is the most popular type, has been traced to have originated in the Scandinavian countries with Norway being the location where it was most used. Initially, skiing was used as a method of movement (travel) as used by hunters across the snow-bound regions. In this period, steering and stopping techniques were developed while also various types of skiing such as Alpine and ski jumping were established as well. With the migration and traveling of the Norwegians around other parts of the world, there was an emergence of skiing as a sport. 1n 1924, the first Winter Olympics were held in Chamonix, France where skiing sport was part of the military competitions. During this time, the ski equipment was greatly improved while the transportation devices for carrying skiers were also developed. With a growing interest in the recreational activity, there was an emergence of ski resorts largely in the urbanized areas. By the World War II, skiing sport had grown into a large industry that went beyond the traditional hardcore group such as the college club students and ski jumpers. After the war, the skiing industry experienced a rapid growth that was characterized by an increase in the number of ski areas and an improvement of ski equipment among others. The Winter Olympic games of the year 1960 were televised, making the sport more popular among the American population. The post-1970s years have seen a continuous growth of the sport that has seen the skiing industry become what there is in this day (Goeldner & Standley, 105-106). Today, there are numerous types and styles in which the sport enthusiasts enjoy it.

A Concept Analysis of Advanced Nursing Practice

A Concept Analysis of Advanced Nursing Practice Introduction The idea of advanced practice in nursing presents a challenge to the general nurse in terms of exploring scope of practice and potential professional development (An Bord Altranais, 2000; Thompson and Watson, 2003). There appears to be a lack of clarity in defining the concept of advanced practice (Thompson and Watson, 2003), with terms such as specialist practice, consultant nursing roles and the like clouding the waters of the debate, suggesting a need to perhaps amalgamate and standardise roles (An Bord Altranais, 2000;) . This author, as a Community General Nurse in Ireland, is aware of two advanced practice roles within her own practice area: one within the Accident and Emergency Department, an acute care facility, and one within Education, which straddles the academic/practice divide. However, the changing and developing role of the nurse and rapid changes towards higher levels of practice (NMC, 2002; Thompson and Watson, 2003; Lorentzon and Hooker, 2006) seems to suggest that advanced practice may be an integral part of career progression within nursing (An Bord Altranais, 2000), which leads to a need to clarify the concept and map its components and meanings. Concept analysis and conceptual clarification form an identifiable genre within the nursing literature (Paley, 1996). This essay will follow one model of concept analysis to map the concept and explore the implications for practice through an exemplar model case. Concept Analysis Concepts and theories within science are strongly linked (Paley, 1996), and both seem to be interdependent. Concept analysis enables the definition of a concept and allows the critical reader to differentiate between similar and dissimilar concepts (McKenna, 1997). Achieving conceptual clarity is an important task for both research and practice (Walker, 2006). There are a range of concept analyses that have been used within scientific and nursing literature. Morse (1995) suggests that techniques to map concepts should relate to the maturity of the concept concerned. In this case, Advanced Practice is an extant concept which demands clarification in relation to specific areas of nursing activity. Therefore there is a need to determine a means of concept delineation and clarification (Morse, 1995). There is also a need to identify an appropriate means of clarifying the concept, for example whether or not to utilise qualitative or quantitative methods (Morse et al, 1996.) In this instance, a qualitative approach based on Rodgers (1989; 1991;1993) model of concept analysis will be utilised. This particular model has been chosen because of its firm grounding in research traditions of sociology and nursing (McKenzie, 2000). The Rodgers’ approach has already been utilised to map evolving phenomena (Walker, 2006) and so is particularly applicable to a still developing topic area. As Rodgers’ approach is an inductive, cyclical approach (Walker, 2006), it is a more creative endeavour suitable to the generation of new ideas and definitions. A literature review will be carried out, in a targeted manner, utilising a structured approach (see Table 1). Table 1 Framework for concept analysis Identify concept of interest List published literature relevant to the topic and select papers to be included in the sample Identify surrogate terms and relevant uses of the concept. Identify and select appropriate sample for data collection. Identify the attributes of the concept Identify the references, antecedents and consequences of the concept. Identify concepts that are related to the concept of interest Identify a model case of the concept. The Process of Analysis. Concept of interest McKenna (1997) suggests that when choosing a concept, it is best to select a concept that represents phenomena of interest to the researcher. McKenna and Cutcliffe (2005) also suggest that there should be some confusion or lack of consensus about the concepts’ meaning, but the scope should not be too broad. The concept of interest is advanced nursing practice in community general nursing, which is related to the author’s own area of practice and experience of practice delivery. This concept also meets McKenna’s (1997) stipulation that the concept should also be abstract enough o retain its meaning when removed from specific situations. Therefore, the concept of advanced nursing practice is being analysed, with reference to one specific area of practice but not limited by that practice. Surrogate Terms Higher Level of Practice Specialist nursing practice Role of the Specialist nurse and consultant nurse Professional Development in Nursing Community nursing practice Sample Please see Appendix for the audit trail of sample selection. Attributes of the Concept The concept of advanced practice is not a new one (Carroll, 2002). Clinical nurse specialists have been cited since the 1940s (Carroll, 2002). It is a nursing concept (Carroll, 2002) despite being associated with advanced practices traditionally carried out by the medical profession (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). The literature is in agreement that the concept of advanced nursing practice lacks agreement on the core characteristics and roles of such a practitioner (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). The concept is related to specialism (Mantsoukas and Watkinson, 2007) suggesting that the role emerges as a unique expression of need within a distinct area of practice (Gardner and Gardner, 2005). Hamric (1996) links advanced nursing practice to practical, theoretical and research based interventions within a specific clinical area linked to the larger discipline of nursing. However, it can also be a more general theoretical construct of any form of nursing which progresses to an advanced level of practice (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). Evidence does seem to suggest that similarities between specialist nurses and clinical nurse specialist roles and between nurse practitioner and advanced nursing practice roles (Carnwell and Daly, 2003). Therefore it would appear that an eclectic set of role schema have emerged from the general stew of advances in nursing practice. Bryant-Lukosius et al (2004) further define the term advanced nursing practice as referring to the work, or to what n urses actually do in their roles, but also makes reference to the multi-dimensional scope and mandate of the concept. Specific attributes of the concept include the ability to discover, innovate and expand the nursing profession by employing multiple types of knowledge and skills, support by research evidence and academic thinking processes (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). Other attributes are: the use of the knowledge in practice; critical thinking and analytical skills; clinical judgement and decision-making skills; professional leadership and clinical inquiry; research skills; mentoring skills; and the ability to change practice (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). Furlong and Smith (2005), analysing the edicts of the National Council in Ireland, describe the core concepts of advanced nursing practice as: autonomy in clinical practice; clinical and professional leadership; and expert practitioner and researcher. All of these appear to relate meaningfully to nursing as a profession but do not address the application of the role to patient outcomes and clinical effectiveness. However, Benner et al (1 999) relate critical thinking to active thinking in practice, the application here being evident. This would then relate to clinical judgement, but the question arises of acceptability of nurses undertaking clinical decision making in the current NHS climate. References, antecedents and consequences of the concept Antecedents or prefixes to the concept include the notion of education and individual roles, historical development of the profession (Carroll, 2002), and advanced roles as part of the development process of the nursing profession (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). In order for the advanced nursing role to exist, there must be an identified need for such a role in specific areas of nursing practice (Caroll, 2002; Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). In particular, the need to perform specific nursing tasks, interventions and clinical monitoring for individual conditions may be viewed as an antecedent (Gardner et al, 2004). Specialist preparation and legislative/professional evolution are also antecedents (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). Education for advanced nursing practitioners is linked to research-derived curricula and learning defined by clinical practice (Gardner et al, 2004). However, education and specialist preparation of the advanced practitioner in nursing could also be viewe d as a consequence, as specific programmes of education have had to be developed in response to the developments of these nursing roles (Gardner et al, 2004). Consequences include lack of role clarity (Carroll, 2002; Griffin and Melby, 2006) and the notion of the mini-doctor role which leads to nursing practice being carried out within a medical model rather than the optimal holistic nursing model (Carroll, 2002). This would have an impact on nurses themselves and their professional self concept, and on the client/patient, affecting the type and perhaps quality of their care. It might also lead to the erosion of general nursing roles in favour of specialisation, again following a medical model of professional development (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). However, other literature sees advanced nursing practitioners as being a result of recent health care policies, the role having developed to meet the complex demands of health care systems (Carnwell and Daly, 2003). Another professional consequence of the concept is the need for regulation and supervision (NMC, 2002). In relation to this is the development and evolution of professional nursing autonomy (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). The expansion of advanced roles can also be seen as a consequence of the concept, whereby established areas of advanced practice pave the way for its implementation in a range of specific clinical areas (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). This may be related to practice development ensuring that nursing remains responsive to the changing needs of patients and clients (Thompson and Watson, 2003). This related to another consequence of advanced practice, ongoing change in clinical practice (Mantzoukas and Watkinson, 2007). However, it could be argued that practice development is an antecedent to the concept of advanced nursing practice as well, echoing the blurred nature of the concept from a range of perspectives. Autonomy could also be viewed as a consequence (Wade, 1999). The fact that advanced nursing practice is valued within the healthcare arena is also an important factor (Dunn, 1997; Griffin and Melby, 2006), and makes its most important consequence improvement in patient outcomes and the associated improvements in healthcare and reduced demand on resources (Coster et al, 2006: Gardner and Gardner, 2005). Concepts related to the main concept One concept related to advanced nursing practice is fitness for practice (Thompson and Watson, 2003; NMC, 2002). Another is that of barriers and resistance to advanced practice, particularly in relation to the current NHS climate (Thompson and Watson, 2003). Systems and processes must be in place and be effective for advanced practice to establish itself and its efficacy (Gardner and Gardner, 2005). Policy background and political drive are also related to this particular practice development (Carnwell and Daly, 2003). The international or global scope of the concept is also evident from the literature sampled here (Bryant-Lukosius et al, 2004; Sutton and Smith, 1995). Nurse prescribing and authority in pharmacological intervention is another related concept (Lorentzon and Hooker, 2006). Model Case. Patient K, a 65 year old woman had been referred to the author (a community RGN), due to a recurrent, chronic leg ulcer on the left ankle. This ulcer had been treated for some years with topical preparations and dressings, including antibiotic treatment and a variety of therapeutic dressings, and the involvement of other professionals such as dietician and physiotherapist had attempted to address potential underlying causes of failure to heal, such as lack of mobility and poor diet. However, after some deterioration in the condition of the ulcer, increased haemoserous loss and offensive odour, K attended the GP and was referred by the practice nurse to the wound specialist clinic at the local outpatient department. The clinical wound specialist nurse reviewed K’s case, identified the ulcer as a venous ulcer and prescribed four-layer pressure bandaging to treat the wound, based on her own awareness of the research evidence that demonstrated the efficacy of this intervention. The four-layer bandaging technique improves venous return in the lower extremity by providing a gradient of pressure from the bottom of the lower limb towards the knee. The specialist nurse engaged K in a degree of learning about her condition and its treatment, in order to ensure compliance. The four-layer bandages are left on for two to three days at a time, then removed to dress the ulcer, then replaced with clean four-layer bandages. They can be uncomfortable, and so patient compliance is important in the success of treatment. The specialist nurse spent time with the client, informed her of the rationale and evidence base, and then further contacted this author, her community general nurse, to ensure that those treating K were fully competent in the four-layer bandaging technique. She also advised K to return to her for regular review of her condition. Within 12 weeks the ulcer was healed, which greatly pleased K and allowed her discharge from nursing care. This case demonstrates many of the features defined by the concept analysis of advanced nursing practice. The advanced practice developed out of a defined need for a specialist wound clinic staffed by specifically trained and experienced staff. The specialist nurse occupies a senior role with a large degree of autonomy. She has been educated in her specialism, utilises evidence-based practice, and engages in an educative role with clients and with non-specialist nurses, demonstrating the components of expert practice but also advancing the expertise of those around her (Benner, 1994). Conclusion Professionalizing forces in nursing, clinical need and extension and changes in primary health care appear to have combined to create new roles for nurses in the NHS (Lorentzon and Hooker, 2006). These roles appear to have functional bases defined by gaps within service provision and focus on client need. Therefore, given this concept analysis, it would appear that advanced nursing practice is a needs-driven development of specialist nursing management to provide optimum clinical outcomes for client and service provider. Such practice is evidence based and provided by a trained, competent clinician with the academic and experiential authority required to implement theory into practice, bridging the theory-practice gap through exemplary implementation of clinical judgement (Upton, 1996). It can also be viewed as a logical outcome of continuing professional development within nursing. This author’s role within the community nursing team encompasses a range of nursing challenges, one of which has been described here. It is through liaison with such specialists that the community nurse can facilitate evidence-based practice and bridge the theory-practice divide which continues to challenge the achievement of best practice in every clinical situation. However, it is also evident that there is a need for further clarification and consensus around such roles and better awareness of the scope of advanced nursing practice both within individual specialisms and in the wider realm of NHS nursing care. This author can see that the role of the community general nurse itself could be further developed into an advanced nursing role, drawing on the successes of such roles in other areas, but this would need policy, systems and ideological change to achieve. Ultimately, if the results are demonstrable improvements in patient outcomes, it would be well worth the challenge. 2,500 words. References An Bord Altranais (2007) http://www.nursingboard.ie. Accessed 13-4-07. Benner, P., Hooper-Kyriakidis, P. Stannard, D. (1999) Clinical Wisdom: Interventions in Critical Care WB Saunders: Philadelphia. Benner, P. (1984) From Novice to Expert California: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Browne, G. Pinelli, J. (2004). Advanced practice nursing roles: development, implementation and evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing 48 (5) 519-529. Carnwell, R. Daly, W.M. (2003) Advanced nursing practitioners in primary care settings: an exploration of the developing roles. Journal of Clinical Nursing 12 (5) 630-642. Carroll, M. (2002) Advanced Nursing Practice. Nursing Standard 16 (29) 33-35. Castledine, G. McGee, P. (eds) (1998) Advanced and Specialist Nursing Practice Oxford: Blackwell Science. Coster, S., Redfern, S. Wilso-Barnett, J. et al. (2006) Impact of the role of nurse, midwife and health visitor consultant. Journal of Advanced Nursing 55 93) 352-363. Cutcliffe, J.R. McKenna, H.P. (13005) The Essential Concepts of Nursing Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Dunn, L. (1997). A literature review of advanced clinical nursing practice in the United States of America. Journal of Advanced Nursing 25 (4) 814-819. Furlong, E. and Smith, R. (2005) Advanced nursing practice: policy, education and role development. Journal of Clinical Nursing 14 (9) 1059-1066. Gardner, A. and Gardner, G. (2005) A trial of nurse practitioner scope of practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing 49 (2) 135-145. Gardner, G., Gardner, A. Proctor, M. (2004) Nurse practitioner education: a research-based curriculum structure. Journal of Advanced Nursing 47 (2) 143-152. Griffin, M. Melby, V. (2006) Developing and advanced nurse practitioner service in emergency care: attitudes of nurses and doctors. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 56 (3) 292-301. Hamric, A.B. (1996) A definition of advanced nursing practice. In Hamric, A.B., Spross, J.A. and Handson, C.M. (eds) Advanced Nursing Practice: An Integrated Approach Philadelphia: WB Saunders. Lorentzon, M. Hooker, J.C. (2006) Nurse Practitioners, practice nurses and nurse specialists: what’s in a name? Journal of Advanced Nursing. Mantzoukas, S. Watkinson, S. (2007). Review of advanced nursing practice: the international literature and developing the gneric feature. Journal of Clinical Nursing 16 (1) 28-37. McKenna, H. (1997) Nursing Theories and Models London: Routledge. McKenzie, N. (2000) Review of Concept Analysis. Graduate Research in Nursing www.graduateresearch.com Accessed 13-4-07. Morse, J.M. (1995) Exploring the theoretical basis of nursing using advanced techniques of concept analysis. Advances in Nursing Science 17 (3) 31-46. Morse, J.M., Hupcey, J.E., Mitcham, C. Lenz, E.R. (1996) Concept analysis in nursing research: a critical appraisal. Scholarly Inquiry in Nursing Practice 10 (3) 253-277. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2002) Higher Level Practice www.nmc-uk.org Accessed 13-4-07. Paley, J. (1996) How not to clarify concepts in nursing Journal of Advanced Nursing 24 (3) 572-578. Rodgers, B.L. (1989) Concepts, analysis and the development of nursing knowledge: the evolutionary cycle. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 14 330-335. Rodgers, B.L. (1991) Using concept analysis to enhance clinical practice and research. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 10 28-34. Rodgers, B.L. (1993) Concept analysis: An evolutionary view. In: Rodgers, B.L. Knafl, K.A. (Eds.) Concept Development in Nursing: Foundations, Techniques and Applications Philadelphia: WB Saunders. Sutton, F. Smith, C. (1995) Advanced nursing practice: new ideas and new perspectives. Journal of Advanced Nursing 21 (6) 1037-1043. Thompson, D. Watson, R. (2003) Advanced nursing practice: what is it? International Journal of Nursing Practice 9 (3) 129-130. Wade, G.H. (1999) Professional nurse autonomy: concept analysis and application to nursing education. Journal of Advanced Nursing 30 (2) 310-218. Walker, W.M. (2006) Witnessed resuscitation: a concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies 43 (3) 377-387. Appendix Audit Trail The search engine/gateway British Nursing Index was accessed and searches were carried out utilising the following keywords with their associated hits: Advanced Nursing Practice Higher Level of Practice Specialist nursing practice Role of the Specialist nurse and consultant nurse Professional Development in Nursing Community nursing practice The list of returned citations was further limited by defining parameters as follows: Full text English Language Nursing. Peer-reviewed Research Original Articles. The express aim was to review 20% of the returned citations, leaving the author with a targeted sample of articles from a range of nursing journals including Journal of Advanced Nursing; Journal of Clinical Nursing; Advances in Nursing Science; International Journal of Nursing Practice; Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing; International Journal of Nursing Studies; Nursing Standard; Graduate Research in Nursing. The focus of the concept analysis being Advanced Nursing Practice, only those articles which deal specifically with this concept were included in the sample.

My Father Goes to Court Author by Carlos Bulosan Essay

My Father Goes to Court is just one of the many short stories in Carlos Bulosan’s â€Å"The Laughter of My Father† which was published in the 1940’s in the United States. It is the most popular one, I believe. He wrote this story based from folklore in the Philippines and it has an underlying social commentary. It was said that this work is a protest against the economic progress of his time. This story shows the culture, traits and way of the Filipinos. In the Filipino context, this story favors the underprivileged families over affluent ones. It is supported by the part at the end of the story where after the father gave back the â€Å"spirit of wealth† through the jingling of the coins in the straw hat, the judge immediately dismissed the case. While it is not really true in this day and age because the poor has no fair fight against the rich, the idea behind it is not quite simple. Maybe the author wanted to show the issue the other way around, thus, using a reverse psychology. Filipinos are known to be light people. We don’t usually wear much burden on our shoulders. Well, we have a lot but how do we cope with every situation? By not taking it so hard, of course! In every problem, like poverty, even if they don’t get to eat much for the day, they are still smiling and laughing together and the family is still intact. Like in the story, the narrator’s family is a poor family, and yet, because they are not so sensitive, they get to play outside and laugh. In the rich family’s case, they are abundant in food and a comfortable lifestyle but are still not content with what they have and push others-like the poor family- to pay for it. In the real world, rich people tend to step down on the poor because they perceive themselves  more powerful than the poor. In the part where the judge asked the father where his lawyer was, and he said he doesn’t need one, it is seen as the turning point of justice in the Philippines. The law dictates that every citizen is given justice. But is it really the case? The law takes for granted the poor. Yes, the poor can’t afford hiring the best lawyers so the rich takes advantage of them. In the story’s case, the judge didn’t care to give him a lawyer where in the real world, if you have no lawyer, it is as good as loosing.

Stem Cell Opposition

The Stem Cell Research Argument: Why Stem Cell Research Has Opposition Joshua Jefferson Southern University in Shreveport Stem cell research is one of the most promising study that has been conducted in the past two decades. It has the potential to virtually wipe out the need for organ transplants, to restore motion to those suffering from paralysis, and so many other crippling diseases. Certain groups of people do not agree in the method that stem cells are collected and that causes the ethics behind this method to come into question.There are ways to avoid this argument all together by understanding the argument against stem cell research, avoiding that method, and then to use methods that will not go against others beliefs. Stem cell research deals with the study of how to manipulate stem cells so that they can restore an organ, to replace an organ, or to be used as a kind of patch work. The list of problems that stem cells are thought to be able to fix is endless. Stem cells are basically cells that have not started to develop into a certain kind of cell. This allows scientist to manipulate these cells so that they became what ever kind of cell that they desire.In the future, medical researchers anticipate being able to use technologies derived from stem cell research to treat a wider variety of diseases including  , Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and  Ã‚  damage, amongst a number of other impairments and conditions. Today they use stem cells to treat diseases like leukemia and bone marrow transplants(Weise, 2005) . The possibility of being able to just produce any type of organ and then replace the bad organ, without the wait of of an organ donor.A person would think the knowledge of this kind of work and the possibility of living a longer more comfortable life would make people to support research and to push for funding into this type of research. The reason why the funding for some resea rch groups are not present due to the belief system of some people. There are a number of ways to obtain stem cells that are used today. The use of embryonic and adult stem cells are the two main type of stem cells that are obtained. They differ in the way they are obtained. Adult stem cells can be found in both children and adult.These stem cells rely on the already present cell population. They are also called somatic cells, these cells contain the blueprints for any cell type that exists within the region, or organ from which they came. Just like the ability to be manipulated into other cells(Weise, 2005) . The difference between these cells and embryonic stem cells is the fact that embryonic cells can make any type of cell type while adult cells can only make certain types. There is much less controversy associated with adult stem cells because there is no destruction of embryonic material.There is still opposition versus the use of adult stem cells because of how the DNA inside the cells is used. Embryonic stem cell research has the unlimited range on where it can go in the future and it is the most controversial. Embryonic stem cells can start to grow into any type of cell. This is because these cells are in the the first stage of development and have not been given instructions on what to become. These stem cells are preset when an embryo's cells are multiplying. This would be the the first stage in a babies development. This is the reason why there is controversy surrounding embryonic research.Scientist destroy the embryo to obtain its stem cells ultimately destroying a future life. The embryos tend to be from unwanted pregnancy and would eventually breakdown because the lack of a mother to develop in. People that support certain movements like â€Å"Pro-life† are some usually do not want any kind of destruction of any kind of possible human life. The use of these stems cells should be allowed to be used , but the practice of starting off life o nly to destroy it is completely unethical and should not be funded by. The obtaining of stem cells just has to be reevaluated.We have to look at the other options that can help us to yield the results we want. There are a number of options that can help us obtain stem cells that can help to cure all the ailments that stem cell can help with. Also known as somatic cells, an adult cell contains the blueprints for any cell type that exists within the region, or organ from which it came. In effect, these cells have the same capabilities in terms of being able to manufacture other cell types. Somatic cell nuclear transfer, also known as therapeutic cloning, involves the use of a hollowed-out ovum cell, meaning all the original DNA material is removed.An adult cell's nucleus, or DNA material, is then transferred into the ovum cell. Through electrical stimulation, the ovum begins to grow as if its original embryo were intact. Induced pluripotent cells are adult cells that have been genetic ally engineered to behave like embryonic cells(Jeanty) . This is accomplished by injecting specific genes and catalyst molecules into the DNA of an adult cell. This technique uses no embryonic stem cell materials, however the resulting cells are able to differentiate into any cell type within the body, much like embryonic stem cells can(Jeanty) .Epidermal neural crest stem cells are adult cells that form the hair follicles on the scalp. These cells are capable of generating a number of different cell types within the body. â€Å"Meanwhile, many scientists predict that induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, created by turning back the biological clock of normal adult cells, will one day supplant embryonic stem cells. †(Katherine Hobson, 2009) The list on the positive effects of stem-cell research is virtually endless. The debate is over how we harvest those stem cells.If we can find a way has virtually no ethic questions then scientist will be able to help millions of p eople. Reference Jeanty, J. (n. d. ). ehow. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_5675956_alternative-embryonic-stem-cell-research. html Katherine Hobson. (2009, July 02). usnews. com. Retrieved from http://health. usnews. com/health-news/family-health/heart/articles/2009/07/02/embryonic-stem-cells–and-other-stem-cells–promise-to-advance-treatments National institutes of health and human resources for stem cell research.

2.4. Diversity, Equality and Inclusion - 3667 Words

TDA Unit 204 Equality, diversity inclusion in work with children young people [1.1].In your setting, there is a range of policies which formally sets out guidelines and procedures for ensuring equality. The policies must take into account the rights of all individuals and groups within the school as well as considering the ways policies work to ensure equality, inclusion. Policies also pay regards to the values and practice, which are part of all aspect of school life. United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Children (1989) UNCRC states the rights of all children and young people. The UK government ratified the treaty in 1991 and must ensure that the rights of children in the UK are protected through law. These rights†¦show more content†¦This level of support is called School Action. The child’s class teacher will offer interventions that are different from or additional to those provided as part of the school’s usual working practices. These are provided in the classroom and if appropriate, by a teaching assistant on an individual basis. In addition to this action, the child’s teacher will keep the child’s parent informed and draw upon them for additional information. The setting has Special Educational Need Co-ordinator (SENCO) involved in supporting the teacher and /or parents. The SENCO organises further assessment of the child’s needs if required. Code of practice on the duty to promote Race Equality (2002). This code of practice is a statutory code which applies to all listed public authorities, including schools and further and higher education institutions. To enable them to meet their duty set out in the Race Relation (amendment) Act. It requires all schools to produce a written Race Equality policy which includes information on practical ways in which schools will work to promote race equality. School policies must demonstrate that they are working towards the following outcomes of: Outcome 1: Raise Attainment and close the achievement gap. A school where there are high expectations of all pupils and pupils are supported to reach their potential. Pupils from all ethnic groups have level of attainment and rates ofShow MoreRelatedTda 2.4 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People1458 Words   |  6 PagesTDA 2.4 : Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people The current legislative framework protecting the equal rights of all children and young people are stated in the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). These rights are extensive, including the right to education and the right for children and young people to have their views respected. 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