Moiety Definition in Chemistry

In chemistry, a moiety is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule. Although sometimes the terms moiety and functional group are interchanged, a functional group is a smaller group of atoms. Moieties are branches in organic molecules that extend from the carbon backbone. Often, moieties may be substituted with other substituents or side chains. In pharmacology, an active moiety is the portion of an ion or molecule responsible for the activity of a drug. Examples: hydroxyl moiety: -OHaldehyde moiety: -COH

Health Care Communication Free Essays

The patient who is distrusting of their nurse will not be compliant or may not take part in self-care. Nurses communicate each day with patients and coworkers. Building effective communication skills in the healthcare industry can lead to optimal outcomes. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first step to communication is to determine what the message to be conveyed is and put it in a logical order. Make the message brief. Choosing your words correctly will allow the receiver to understand what you are saying. Be considerate of the patient’s education, cultural, knowledge base and level of understanding. When you begin to speak be sure that you have the attention of the receiver, at the end of the conversation get feedback to ensure that your message was conveyed correctly. This paper will discuss the definition of health care communication, the relevancy of effective personal healthcare communication with other health care professionals and patients, relevancy of effective healthcare communication to health outcomes, and how the lack of effective personal and professional healthcare communications contributes to poor health outcomes. Healthcare communication can be defined as when an individual seeks information n health related issues. According to Healthy People 2010, (n. D. , overview), â€Å"Health communication encompasses the study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health. â€Å"The dissemination of information can be done via public communication or in an organizational context. Public communication refers to, â€Å"presentations, speeches, and public addresses made by individuals on health-related topics†. (Morehouse, 1998, p. 4). Health communication in the organizational context refers to how administration or staff provides information in regard to healthcare. The use of communication for healthcare issues is important to many people in that it increases awareness of healthcare risks, benefits, availability and support systems. Public communication utilizes pamphlets, public service announcements, etc. , to alert persons to health issues which can â€Å"encourage healthy behaviors, create awareness, change attitudes, and motivate individuals to adopt recommended behaviors. â€Å"(Healthy people 2010, n. D. , overview). When communicating with patients the nurse needs to look at the overall picture of the patient. This is his or her values, beliefs, culture and knows the health literacy of the attain. The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. When a patient understands his or her disease process it helps that individual make the right decisions regarding their healthcare. A nurse who is able to understand a patient’s values, culture, beliefs, and incorporate them into the patients care builds a sense of trust between the patient and nurse. Communicating with other healthcare professionals also requires effective healthcare communication. Some nurses may not know their role responsibilities. As a charge nurse on the floor you can explain to that nurse what her role is. The charge nurse will need to be accurate in the information she provides, consistent, reliable in that the content is correct and up to date. When positive, caring relationships establish between patients and caregiver, patients report a greater ability to cope effectively with their illness and greater compliance with health care regiments. â€Å"(Morehouse Northouse, 1998, up. 79-80). Patients fear the unknown. Being in a hospital can be scary if they do not know what is happening to them. A nurse who speaks to a patient regarding his plan of care and shows empathy will give that patient a sense that he or she cares. A patient who understands his disease process will be able to make sound decisions, discuss treatment with family and cope with the situation. According to Williwaw, (2007), â€Å"There are five elements in the process of communication; the sender, the receiver, the message, the medium and internal and external static. â€Å"A problem with any of these elements can distort the meaning of what is trying to be conveyed. How to cite Health Care Communication, Papers Health Care Communication Free Essays University of Phoenix Material Health Care Communication Methods The following assignment options provide the opportunity for you to explore communication methods for different kinds of health care scenarios. The assignment options also allow you to examine the effects of HIPAA and other regulations on health care communication. Select and complete one of the following assignments: Option 1: Nursing Home Administrator Option 2: Communications Coordinator Option 1: Nursing Home Administrator Read the following scenario: * As the administrator of a local nursing home, you have just received notification that the organization is being purchased by a national group. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of new policies to be implemented, many of the residents will be displaced. To make the situation more challenging, some of these residents have difficulty communicating, have no local family, and have not indicated that they approve the release of their medical information. Arrangements must be made for these individuals. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper on the different types of communication methods for the health care organization described in the scenario. Include the following in your paper: The advantages and disadvantages of using traditional, electronic, and social media for health care communication The effects of HIPAA and other regulations on the use of these media for health care communication Cite a minimum of two sources, one from the University Library and the other from the course textbooks or Electronic Reserve Readings, to support your position. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Option 2: Communications Coordinator Consider the following scenario: * You are the communications coordinator for a national drug manufacturer. Recently, there have been reports of significant negative effects caused by one of your medications that is used by a significant population. News reports have alleged that one of the individuals affected is a well-known public figure. You are tasked with addressing the news reports and the general public regarding this situation. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper on different types of communication methods for the health care organization described in the scenario. Include the following in your paper: The advantages and disadvantages of using traditional, electronic, and social media for health care communication The effects of HIPAA and other regulations on the use of these media for health care communication Cite a minimum of two sources, one from the University Library and the other from the course textbooks or Electronic Reserve Readings, to support your position. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. How to cite Health Care Communication, Papers

Cross Culture Management Business Transaction In Manner

Question: Describe about the Cross Culture Management for Business Transaction In Manner. Answer: Introduction: In this paper, we are going to focus on the cultural differences between Brazil and China. The study is carried out on the backgrounds, the way of thinking, cultural differences, and being and acting which helps in influencing the aspect of working practice in business world of Brazil and China. The research is on analysing the impact of culture on the business tactics. The culture is defined as the different pattern in ideas, norms, and belief which focuses on relationship in the society or with other society (Johnsons, 2009). These beliefs assumed to be natural and unchangeable. Culture can also view as the transmission of behaviour from one generation to another (Senay, 2011). The culture of the people depends on three factors such as tradition of the people, transmission of implicit and explicit pattern by using symbols and distinguishing achievement by implementing human group. The core value of the culture is the combination of traditional ideas and the value attached to those ideas. It works on constituting the action and their impact on further action. The cultural difference depends on two pillars which are named as personal moral development and authorization power of the leaders (Belokar, 2012). No scientific standard have been developed to study the differences in thinking, feeling, and acting of different groups because every group is associated with different ideas, values, and beliefs. The international business and culture are associated with different societies which may have impact on the culture, social changes, cultural background of people, and objective study of cross cultural communication helps in evaluating the cultural differences in carrying out successful business transaction in effective manner. About Brazil and China: From the research and literature review, it has been analysed that Brazil is composed of cultural and geographical diversification. It is the largest and most populated country of South America. The culture of Brazil is usually affected by cultural values of Portuguese, indigenous, and African (Perkins, 2015). The stability of the people depends on the social culture of the nation. The stability of the people depends on the social culture of the nation. Brazil is a country rich in diversity.it has a good combination of the races and the ethnicities. The stability of the people depends on the social structure of the family (Mark, 2011). No scientific standard have been developed to study the differences in thinking, feeling, and acting of different groups because every group is associated with different ideas, values, and beliefs. The individual develops the social network to manage relationship with their family. Class System is also followed in Brazil. Skin difference is observed in the culture of the residing people of the nation. China is considered as cultural heritage country. The cultural interaction must not be overlooked for the country. The population of the country shows the different characteristics pattern in accordance with values, behaviour, and believes. From 1970, china is working on the policy of family planning for bringing population under control (Shacklett, 2015). The country believes on reforming and developing opening policies for establishing social market economy. The international business and culture are associated with different societies which may have impact on the culture, social changes, cultural background of people, and objective study of cross cultural communication helps in evaluating the cultural differences in carrying out successful business transaction in effective manner. The Chinese culture focuses on developing relationship with individual because it is treated as the relationship has been developed with the entire organization (Jin, 2015). Economic Relationship between Brazil and China: The population of the country shows the different characteristics pattern in accordance with values, behaviour, and believes. The difference in culture may affect the acceptance of information. Culture can be defined as the way of living standard, behaving, and thinking. Negotiating is the time taken process for the Brazilians. Reviewing of the document is the core process of the business. Decision making authority is provided to the person who is sitting on the top position of the Company (Christini, 2011). Legal documentation is the central part of the business (Thomsons, 2013). From starting to end of the project, negotiating team cannot be changed. Informal communication is followed in handling meeting and conference. Brazilians believes on developing relationship with other people. The personal and professional communication is highly focused on developing relationship between the individuals. Personal relationship is the core part of culture of Brazilians (Brown, 2011). The suc cess of the business depends on the personal relationship developed between the employer and the employees. The effects which have been researched on both the counties due to the cultural difference are listed in the table below: Factors Description Social Cohesion Orientation of intercultural differences Integration of culture Innovation and creation Development of new and unfamiliar ideas Opportunities provided to the new organization Limit the entrepreneur risk Development of artistic model for testing Education Perspective view of individual on education Building and enhancing capacity of knowledge Intercultural education should be provided Well-being and health Development of Psychological well-being Effectiveness and prevention therapy Cohesion with the families and development of relationship with others Health beliefs Sustainability Effectiveness in recycling of the waste Development of responsibility in socio-environment Willingness to spend money on greenery Sustainability in population growth Economic influences Innovation in the competition between business Creativity in cultural values Opportunities provided on the basis of cultural resources Cultural sponsorship Communication and interaction Languages Behaviour of the individual Promotion to the minorities Society and social behaviour Capacity of taking action can be enhanced Creation of retaining identities Modification in the values Preference given to the collective choice Development in the social cohesion Contribution to the development of integrated community Participation of the individual Culture Dimensions of Hofstede, Trompenaars, and Halls: In Hofstede, the cultural dimensions are distinguish on the basis of five modules which are named as Power Index, Individualism, Masculinity, uncertainty, and long term orientation. From the research five independent dimensions have evolved for differentiating the cultural difference between the two countries. The culture of the nation can be evaluated by measuring the difference of culture by making use of assessment tools which can be categorised as development of trust, belief, honesty, and integrity among individual, effectiveness of the leadership, balancing relationship with the stakeholders, Development of mission, values, and vision, and processing of the integrity. The dimensions are described below: Power index distance: The PDI score gives the degree of differentiation between people in terms of equality and inequality. The higher score of PDI indicates the difference in wealth and power among individual. The lower score indicates the social inequality. Hierarchical relationship is usually seen in the culture. Individualism: The score of individualism indicates the importance of individual in relation with cultural values. A high score of individualism indicates that the focus of the country is on the cultural values of the individual. The lower value indicates that the values are associated with the group such as family, tribe, and nation. Masculinity: The traditional role of the male and female can be predicted by the degree to which the reinforcement occurs in the culture. The high score of masculinity indicates more discrimination between male and female genders of the country. The low score of masculinity indicates less discrimination between male and female genders of the country. Masculine culture usually depends on power of competition, accumulation of wealth, and ambition. Feminine culture usually depends on power of developing relationship and maintaining quality of life Uncertainty Avoidance: Uncertainty avoidance is usually associated with the level of uncertainty tolerance and ambiguity. The societies are dependent on the development of rules and regulations. A low score of the country signifies that the ambiguity and uncertainty are not highly focused. When the country is not dependent on rule than it can easily change its policies according to the acceptable changes required in the country. Long Term Orientation: This phenomenon is mainly concerned with the future planning of the country. The long term orientation of the country is usually valued with perseverance. The table below shows the ranking of the two counties i.e. Brazil and China. Country PDI IDV MAS UAI LTO Brazil 69 38 49 76 65 China 80 20 66 30 118 In Trompenaars, the culture difference can be measured in terms of universalism-particularism, specific-Diffuse, achievement-Description, Time perspective relationship with regards to environment, individualism-Communitarianism, and neutral-emotional. The ethical culture of the business helps in aligning the formal structure of the business, development of processes and policies, development of training and development program, ethical behaviour of the top leadership based on values. It focuses on inspiring the population of the nation to follow the ethical standard of the country (Barbosa, 2014). The cultural difference depends on two pillars which are named as personal moral development and authorization power of the leaders. The business culture follows the characteristics such as paternalistic, particularistic, Universalistic, collectivistic, individualistic, formal, and informal. Country Paternalistic Particularistic Universalistic Collectivistic Individualistic Forma Informal Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes China Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes The culture of the nation can be evaluated by measuring the difference of culture by making use of assessment tools which can be categorised as development of trust, belief, honesty, and integrity among individual, effectiveness of the leadership, balancing relationship with the stakeholders, Development of mission, values, and vision, and processing of the integrity. In Halls, the culture of the Brazil and China are differentiated in terms of context, time, and space. The time spending for developing relationship is followed in china but not in Brazil. The exchanging of the business card is treated as exchanging of information in China but the same is not followed in Brazil. The Chinese culture focuses on developing relationship with individual because it is treated as the relationship has been developed with the entire organization. In the Brazilian culture, they give more importance to the development of relationship with the individual. Interruption is not tolerated in china during communication whereas Brazilian can tolerate the interruption of other people. Kissing, hugging, and backslapping are the important forms of greeting in Brazil whereas Handshaking is usually preferred in China. Cultural Similarities between Brazil and China: Both the countries depend on the process of socialism to get the knowledge about the organization that they are going to start with. Considerable amount of time should be spent for developing relationship with the individuals. The success of the business depends when the relationship of trust develops between the people of the organization. The level of hierarchy is followed in differentiating the authorities to the persons. Criticising and insulting others is treated as an offence. Negotiation with people generally preferred in both the countries. The organization negotiation is not followed in both the countries. The emphasis is given on face to face communication rather than written communication for carrying out business agreement. They beliefs on preparing legal contracts with the business partner. The development of relationship is the core part of the culture of both the countries. Analysis of cultural aspect in Brazil: The working practice of Brazilian is effective when they know about the business with whom they are associated. To start the business with Brazilian it has been noticed that the negotiation should be carried out to start the project and building relationship (Andrew, 2009). The emphasis is given on face to face communication rather than written communication for carrying out business agreement. The working of Brazilians involves preparing legal contracts with the business partner. They give more importance to the people or individual than the organization with which deal has been done. They preferred doing business with the individual or organization whom they know before. All the decision is taken by the person who is sitting on the highest position of the companies. The Brazilian follows the system of hierarchy. Kissing, hugging, and backslapping are the important forms of greeting. Informal communications do not follow any standard for protocol. Brazilian can tolerate the interrup tion of other people. Business cards are used for introducing the persons attending the meeting to one another. Analysis of Cultural aspect in China: China works on ethical system which includes respecting superiors, performing familys duties, loyalty towards friends, and the pillars of sincerity and courtesy. Respect and status can be increased with the increase in the age of the individual. Business cards are used for introducing the persons attending the meeting to one another. The core value of the culture is the combination of traditional ideas and the value attached to those ideas. It works on constituting the action and their impact on further action. The business card is carefully examined by the recipient. If the business card is not read by the recipient properly then it is treated as a breach. Handshaking is the normal form giving greeting to other people. No circulation of expensive gifts in usually followed in working practice. Criticising and insulting others is treated as an offence. The virtues of china culture depend on loyalty, duty, sincerity, filial piety, honour, seniority, respect for age, and others. The sta bility of the society depends on developing harmonious relation between individuals. The development of relationship plays an important role in the success of the business. Conclusion: The study is carried out on the backgrounds, the way of thinking, cultural differences, and being and acting which helps in influencing the aspect of working practice in business world of Brazil and China. The culture is defined as the different pattern in ideas, norms, and belief which focuses on relationship in the society or with other society. From the research and literature review, it has been analysed that Brazil is composed of cultural and geographical diversification. The China believes on reforming and developing opening policies for establishing social market economy. The virtues of culture depend on loyalty, duty, sincerity, filial piety, honour, seniority, respect for age, and others. The stability of the society depends on developing harmonious relation between individuals. The ethical culture focuses on inspiring the population of the nation to follow the ethical standard of the country. The core value of the culture is the combination of traditional ideas and the valu e attached to those ideas. The difference in culture may affect the acceptance of information. Culture can be defined as the way of living standard, behaving, and thinking. References: Johnsons, S. (2009).Cultural differences between countries: the Brazilian and the Chinese way of doing business. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.pucsp.br/icim/ingles/downloads/papers_2010/part_9/32_Cultural%20Differences%20Between%20Countries%20The%20Brazilian%20and%20the.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Senay, A. (2011).Cultural values and creativity: A two country comparison between United States and South Africa. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1352context=etdsei-redir=1referer=https://www.google.co.in/url%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dresearch [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Belokar, R. (2012).National cultural differences and multinational business. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.aacsb.edu/~/media/AACSB/Publications/CDs%20and%20DVDs/GLOBE/readings/national-cultural-differences-and-multinational-business.ashx [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Perkins, J. (2015). Agriculture trade liberalization and rural poverty: Brazil and china compared. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=research%20paper%20pdf%20on%20cultural%20difference%20between%20china%20and%20b [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Mark, S. (2011).Are Brazilian and American Cultures really different. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.serialsjournals.com/serialjournalmanager/pdf/1436420556.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Andrew, L. (2009).A cross culture comparison of Brazil, Russia, India, and China on Negotiation style. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/T-Anth/Anth-19-0-000-15-Web/Anth-19-2-000-15-Abst-PDF/T-ANTH-19-2-457-15-1177-Tu-Yu-Te/T-ANTH-19-2-457-15-1177-Tu-Yu-Te-Tx[16].pmd.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Brown, V. (2011).China, India, Brail, and South Africa in the world economy. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6484075.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Christini, O. (2011). Cultural Differences in business communication. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1149context=teppersei-redir=1referer=https://www.google.co.in/url%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dresearch%2[Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Thomsons, L. (2013).Cultural and Negotiation Strategy. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://uwaterloo.ca/culture-at-work-lab/sites/ca.culture-at-work-lab/files/uploads/files/Neg%20J%202004Culture%20and%20Negotiation%20Strategy.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Shacklett, D. (2015).Cultural Differences and similarities between China and Brazil. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/978-1-137-54080-5_13 [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Jin, X. (2015).Ethical culture in large business organization in BRIC. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://disciplinas.stoa.usp.br/pluginfile.php/3505/mod_resource/content/1/2011.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Barbosa, A. (2014).Economic Relationship between Brazil and China. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/50190.pdf [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016].

Saudi Aramco Oil Company

Saudi Aramco Oil Company

Peace in International Relations

Peace in International Relations Introduction According to Marsden (2003), peace can be defined as the as a state of public tranquility or freedom from war. This means that for peace to prevail in a given public setup there has to be calmness initiated by the members of the society or community referred to as peacemakers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Peace in International Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impacts of International relations theories on peacemaking and post-conflict recovery In international relations, peace can be explained in three different theories which are: Realism Liberalism Constructivism Mac Ginty (2003) asserts that the realism theory concentrates on the struggle for power amongst different states and portrays the hardships in doing away with conflicts or wars. It majors on giving reasons for war or imperialism as it focuses on competition for power or property amongst different states as it upholds the charac teristics of American soviet rivalry. Liberalism, on the other hand, advocates for a solution to peace. It is through liberalism that there would be economic interdependence amongst different states hence there would be no threats on states’ prosperity. Liberalism is also concerned with the democracy of a particular state (Hudson, 2005). Democratic countries are said to promote peace by carrying out more peacemaking activities unlike authoritarian states (Marsden, 2003). In addition, Liberalism is said to bring unity among different states as it promotes the interdependence of international resources amongst different states. For instance, the International Monetary Fund offers financial aid to different countries or states. The constructivist theory on the other hand advocates for useful changes in states. For example, a change in the Marxist agenda and the setting idea of capitalism in the current world has caused improvement peacemaking initiatives. These three theories ha ve a great impact in the peace making process described below as they set up the pace for peace making. Thomas and Tow (2002) assert, â€Å"They give advice as evident in the peace keeping techniques on how to approach conflicts and resolve them eventually through the most appropriate means†.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Historical context on how to end war It is due to the efforts made by peace keeping organizations that brought the end of the cold war in 1989. This was brought about by the shifting priorities of individuals in different states. In my own opinion, considering the fact that war brought about losses and lack of time to perform constructive obligations, it is always a good idea to neglect the competition for property or power amongst states but encourage interdependence amongst them. Langlois (2012) argues that war in most cases leads t o destruction of what people are fighting for hence no benefit to any of the war parties. Peace operations to end war or conflict It is usually a good idea to come up with peace operations which are likely to contribute positively in peace keeping or peace building. For example, â€Å"Mission creep† was initiated in Somalia and Rwanda as a measure to calm war. Hudson (2005) asserts that in 2000, there was also a report on the panel on the United Nations peace operations that was meant to promote peace between countries. Individual responsibility Abass (2010) takes the stand that it is significant to note the shift of peace promotion from state hands to the hands of the individual. Individuals are said to be the prime objects of establishing peace between different regions. The behavior of human beings determine so much on state tranquility hence peace starts from individual level to state’s level (Mac Ginty, 2003). This is according to International Commission on Inter vention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) report tabled in 2001 that calls upon individuals to exercise peace at individual level. Human security Human security is one of the most fundamental reasons for peace initiatives in a state. It is important to note that human security is held as being vital than the sovereignty of the state. This is mainly because human beings make up the state and without them the state cannot exist (Burke, 2012). Therefore, it is significant to exercise human security as a measure to achieve peace in a state. This can be achieved by individuals employing liberalism in their peace making techniques.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Peace in International Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human intervention to end war Dobbins (2005) suggests that in order to avoid conflicts or wars, human intervention should be employed and avoid military action unless war is the last resort to solve th e conflict. Chapter VII of the UN Charter permits use of military force by the international community if peaceful measures prove inadequate though they still must be mandated by UNSC. Though there are many critics to this opinion, it still remains to be the most conscious decision by many governments. Peace concepts In the concepts of maintaining peace, the issue of disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) is meant to provide security that boosts peace in an area. SSR (Security Sector Reform) is also involved in creating the right structure for peace keeping in the society. Bellamy et al (2008) argue that the government also takes up the obligation of maintaining peace to its people. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to assert that peacemaking is a vital role in the society that should be promoted from individual to the state’s level for the economic, social and religious benefits of the people. The theories of communication also add up to importance of pe acemaking as they set a pace for peace building. References Abass, A 2010, Protecting human security in Africa, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Bellamy, AJ et al. 2011, The responsibility to protect and international law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Boston. Burke, A 2012, An Introduction to International Relations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Dobbins, J 2005, The UNs role in nation-building: from the Congo to Iraq, RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hudson, H 2005, Doing’ Security as Though Humans Matter’, Security Dialogue, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 155-174. Langlois, A 2012, ‘Human Rights’, in R Devetak, A Burke and J George (eds), An Introduction to International Relations, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.440-459. Mac Ginty, R, 2003, The Pre-War Reconstruction of Post-War Iraq, Third World Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 601-617. Marsden, P 2003, ‘Afghanistan: the reconstruction process’, International Affairs, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 92–104. Thomas, N Tow, WT 2002, The utility of human security: sovereignty and humanitarian intervention, Security Dialogue, vol. 33, no. 2, pp.177-192.

Legal Professional Conduct Hypothetical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Professional Conduct Hypothetical - Essay Example This breach attracts a penalty of 50 units. If the receipt is related to financial service, then Warren Robinson’s act of diverting Peter’s money will be a default relating to financial services or investments under section 373 of the said Act. Warren Robinson is also deemed to have breached section 34 of the Legal Profession Regulation 2007 (hereafter, the Regulation) governing receipt of trust money. In the absence of any information to this effect, there is a breach of section 34 (2) (4) & (5) of the Regulation. (Legal Profession Regulation, 2007). How the situation should have been handled. Warren should have deposited the money of Peter into the General Trust Account. Mitigation Warren can interpret the money received as a fee for financial service and which he need not have deposited into the trust account. Law society may be addressed as mentioned in section 239 of the Act for giving necessary directions and interpretations. 2. Susan is asked by George, the solic itor employee of Warren Robinson law firm, to pay $1,200 for the specific purpose of covering cost of medical reports. This will become a controlled money when received from Susan in terms of section 237 (1) defining the controlled money. By depositing the first part payment of $ 750 given by Susan into the general trust account, the firm breaches section 251 (1) of the Act which requires deposit of controlled money in a controlled money account held by an Authorized Deposit taking Institution (ADI).. Failure to deposit attracts a maximum penalty of 50 points. . The firm has breached Section 48 of the Regulation which requires a law firm to maintain a single controlled money receipt system and issue receipts accordingly. The office employee Mary has issued a trust account receipt instead of a controlled money receipt as directed by George, the solicitor employee of the firm. The firm has breached section 50 of the Regulation by issuing a cheque for $ 940 to the doctor on Susanâ€⠄¢s account by having it signed by George, who is not authorized to withdraw controlled money. Section 50 (1) of the Regulation stipulates that controlled money can only be withdrawn by an authorized principal of the law practice or an authorized legal practitioner associate or an authorized legal practitioner holding an unrestricted practicing certificate authorizing the receipt of trust money. It is not known whether George holds such a certificate. Warren issues a trust account cheque for $ 450 towards payment of the physiotherapist report without actually receiving funds from Susan thus apparently diverting somebody’s else’s money from the trust account. This is in violation of section 259 (1) of the Act, subsection (a) of which prohibits causing of a deficiency in any trust account or trust ledger account without a reasonable excuse. It attracts a maximum penalty of 200 units (legal Profession Act, 2007) and (Trust Accounting Guide, 2009). How the situation should have been handled The practice should have deposited in a controlled money account held by an (ADI). Mitigation Since a written direction is necessary to open a controlled money account, a defense may be available to the law firm for depositing it into general trust account in the absence of a written direction 3. Katrina, another solicitor employee of the law firm Robinson Associates, transfers $ 400 from the trust

Skiing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skiing - Essay Example In USA, the first record of the use of skis was in Wisconsin in the year 1841 with the first ski race being held in 1867. Other famous events in the ski history in the US were held in the 1930s in locations such as Utah, Idaho, Stowe, Sun Valley and Ulta among others. Recreational skiing, which is the most popular type, has been traced to have originated in the Scandinavian countries with Norway being the location where it was most used. Initially, skiing was used as a method of movement (travel) as used by hunters across the snow-bound regions. In this period, steering and stopping techniques were developed while also various types of skiing such as Alpine and ski jumping were established as well. With the migration and traveling of the Norwegians around other parts of the world, there was an emergence of skiing as a sport. 1n 1924, the first Winter Olympics were held in Chamonix, France where skiing sport was part of the military competitions. During this time, the ski equipment was greatly improved while the transportation devices for carrying skiers were also developed. With a growing interest in the recreational activity, there was an emergence of ski resorts largely in the urbanized areas. By the World War II, skiing sport had grown into a large industry that went beyond the traditional hardcore group such as the college club students and ski jumpers. After the war, the skiing industry experienced a rapid growth that was characterized by an increase in the number of ski areas and an improvement of ski equipment among others. The Winter Olympic games of the year 1960 were televised, making the sport more popular among the American population. The post-1970s years have seen a continuous growth of the sport that has seen the skiing industry become what there is in this day (Goeldner & Standley, 105-106). Today, there are numerous types and styles in which the sport enthusiasts enjoy it.